System Concepts In Software Engineering Question and Answers | letsbug

    Software engineering is based on system analysis and design, mainly focused on system, process and its technology. And here are some questions with answers which might arise while learning.

1. What is the system?

Answer:

    The word 'system' is derived from Greek word 'system', which means to 'place together or to combine', which means systematic an organized relationship among functioning units to achieve specific objective or goal.    

    A system  can be defined as , "an integrated collection of components which satisfy functions(tasks) necessary to achieve the system's objectives or goals".

2. What are the characteristics of a system.

Answers:

1. Organization:
• Organization implies structure and order.
• It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve pre-determined objectives /goals.
2. Interaction
• It is defined by the manner in which the components are operate with each other. 
3. Interdependence
• Interdependence means how the components of a system depend on one another.
• for proper functioning, the components are co-ordinated and linked together according to specified plan.
• The output of on sub-system is the required by other sub-system as input.
4. Integration
• Integration is concerned with how a system is tied together in order to achieve common goal, thus forming integration.
• It means that the parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a unique functions.
5. Central Objective
• The objective of system must be central.
• Central objective means the common goal and it may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization to state an objective and operate to achieve another.
• The user must know the central objective of a computer application in the analysis for a successful design and conversion.
6. Behavior
• Behavior is the way the system reacts to its surrounding environment.
• Behavior is determined by the procedure designed to make sure that components  behave in way that will allow system to achieve common goal.
7. Structure
• A relationship among the components which define the boundary between the system and environment is called as the structure of the system.

3. What the three basic components of any system?

Answer:

    All systems having common main three components in which all they are described. Those basic components are input, processor and output.

1. Input
• A main objective of a system is to produce the output as per the user's requirement.
• Inputs are elements that make the system to work in order to produce required output.
• Input is defined as, "energizing or start up component on which system operates".
• It may be raw material, data, physical source, knowledge etc., to decide the nature of output.    
2. Processor/Process
• The processes are the action (operation or task ) which brings about system goals using the inputs(resources).
• Processor is the element that involves in the actual the transformation of input to output.
• The processor should be designed of such type that it can accept the input in the given  form and can give in desired format or specification.
• Sometime, input is also modified to enable the processor so that it can handle transformation easily. this modification may be total or partial.
3. Output
• A major objective of a system is to produce the output as per the user's requirement.
• Though output largely depends upon  the input, its nature, amount, utility, regularity any be different from those of input.
• Output is defined as, "the result of an input operation after processing".
• In other words, the output of the system include the goals (products or services or new knowledge etc.) which is the system  is  designed.

4. List different types of systems.

Answer:

1. Conceptual(abstract) and Physical systems    
2. Deterministic and Probabilistic systems
3. Open and Closed systems
4. Natural and Artificial system
5. Man-machine system or Man-made Information system
6. Expert systems
7. Executive Information system (EIS)

5. What are open and closed systems?

Answer:

1. Open System
• An Open system is a state of a system, in which a system continuously interacts with its environment.
• It visualizes organizations taking inputs then operations are performed on the input to produce desirable results (output) which are distributed back to the environment.
• Open systems have input and output flows, representing exchange of matter, energy or information with their surroundings.
• for example, in education system, student's information is shared with companies for placement.
• Open systems have many interfaces with environment. these systems permits interaction across its boundary.    
2. Closed System
• A system which does not interact with the outside environment is known as the closed system i.e. it has no input and output.
• A closed system in one which automatically controls or modifies its own operations by responding to data generated by the system itself.
• A closed system is a system in the state of being isolated from the environment.
• For example, Computer system is a relatively closed system. It does not disturb from outside the system. chemical reaction in the sealed tube also is an example of closed system.